A financial district at dusk

The fund is a structure, not a label.

A Shariah-aligned fund is more than a permissible portfolio. Its mandate, governing documents, economics, financing arrangements and investment process all have to hold together.

We advise GPs building funds and LPs allocating into them — reviewing the vehicle and the businesses underneath it, from formation and fundraising through to exit.

What comes up in private equity.

  • Leverage at the target.A clean fund can still hold a company financed on conventional debt. Where the threshold sits, and what happens when a holding drifts past it, has to be settled before the deal.
  • Bridge and subscription lines.Short-term facilities are where an otherwise sound fund most often picks up interest.
  • Preferred return.A hurdle that behaves like a guaranteed coupon is a different instrument from a share of profit, whatever the term sheet calls it.
  • Exits and purification.What has to be calculated, evidenced and given away before a distribution reaches an investor.

We publish the standard.

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Report · Fintech & Digital Assets

Is Crypto Halal? (2026) – Research Paper

In late June 2026, at the direction of Shaykh al-Islam Mufti Taqi Uthmani (Ḥafiẓahullah), I was invited by the Darul Iftaa Committee of Darul Uloom Karachi to present research on the Sharīʿah classification of digital assets…

Standard · Contracts & Structuring

SAFE Notes from a Shariah Perspective

Introduction Simple Agreements for Future Equity (SAFEs) are frequently mischaracterised as loans (qard). That is not accurate. A SAFE has no repayment obligation…

Point of view · Fintech & Digital Assets

The 1,400-Year-Old Blockchain: Isnad

No code. No miners. No gas fees. Just rigour. Long before anyone hashed a block, Muslim scholars engineered a human protocol for truth: Isnād—the named chain of…

Standard · Contracts & Structuring

Kafalah: the trust engine of markets

What is Kafālah? Kafālah is a Sharīʿah-based guarantee in which a third party voluntarily adds their liability to that of the principal debtor, so the creditor may…

Report · Money & Riba

New Essay: Making Sense of Riba

This essay presents a comprehensive exploration of the prohibition of Riba, situating it within the broader framework of Islamic legal and economic philosophy…

Standard · Contracts & Structuring

Income Sharing Agreements: A Sharia Compliant Revelation or a Departure from Sharia Principles?

Introduction Income Share Agreements (ISAs) are a type of alternative financing arrangement. These agreements are financial structures in which an individual or…

Raising a fund, or allocating into one?